1／43
2／43
mOl/Î.
pt——nRT
n 22.4 L • mol""
6@"ł"&CFi Ct›O- e& HØ ł^ T I mat, I m‹›I FcCI.¥T7]‹Bj ,
P—”mÏ6 JÏ6@../L - 22.4 L/mo1 "
" 4L/
ol e
e
«ø
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F•c*#Æ•PBTMBÆ, „•’’
0 ns8/3. AÆ
MNO, Fe“
Fe"+2OH°= Fe(OH) ,t Fo’+2NH•LO= FdOH)#+2N
".-2FeCŁ+Ca eCG+CuCt
øøø
Fe(OH) sJG
Fe(OH),
Ä Ą FeO
FAO,
Sâ—: ¥aKscNB/, IÆR!s,
Fe(OH) i*2H* =Fe"*+ 2HzO ( ț ) q@ jq
+2 +s
dFeO+0.=2Fe,O, +2. +5
Fe"
Fc
ci,
H, Fe"*
4FĄOH)+2H,O+O,
•
fifńoH),
GCOŒŒß
“ FęØ + fiH’ = żFe"* FeØ, + 8H’ = 2F3’ 3ł-(O * Fe"‘ t 4i-(O
Fe,O + yCO** zFe + yCO,
Æ%B)R. IN FdOH)%£R B&Ø¥fiŒ#TÆ
3Fe*2Oi FeiO‹
Cu“ I CO
S Zn O, Co
Fe"“ +2OH*= Fe(OH)›Ț
Fc’*+3OH"= Fe(OH),ț
3Fe(OH) +10HNQ = +3H O
FÆ"O
æv
a*°’
oæ
Ę#@ *V "łd * V* H **J
’ O"H1 - ’OS°J : Ę&i
”Od°v "8#a ’i## "BÆ
aøsx
("J•-O"J)"H
( H ) g,j "u S
10／43
"°"°" " “*" n&naafl.W
Na•SiO + 2CO.+ 2H•O-H,SiO,] + 2ficHCO;
Na•S1O *2HCI-H:fiiO›t+2NaCì
5iO.
SO,+CaO Cal(l
—e gtTtoa : si + zFeo ”"" sio,+ zFe
"2HFX/2 :
Si +4HF SiF,[ + 2H ]
—fi got@@ 6 T"z :
Si + 2NaOFI + £[.0 Na:SiO: + 2H ]
fi@J C+H,O(‘g)
H, * CO 3CaO"S iO•
KR@N
2CaO"SiO. 3CaO A ISO›
NaiU, CoWO„ SiO,
11／43
B"/%äd
¥H’+CO,=COt+HO ïß ĞjjìQ@ Fe“ -ł- CU— 2Fe"“ -ł- 2C[
ĘJQjj¿ CH+HCO = HCI+HC1O
—UNaOHE Œ Cl +2NaOH = NaCl+NaC1O+HCO
—WCa(OH) KØ 2Cli*2Ca(OH)i = CaCli*Ca(ClO5*2H O
Zn -ł- DHCP = znC1, -i- H.ț aełs I H“—rH. )
jgØ
HCI
¡gig MnO, +4HCl(It) MnCĘ +Cl,t + 2>z O
°,- * as»øra *^* *+ss^^ *°""*"""^7
AghO, cl NatCO İËłłg H“ &@¥{î@ HC1O 4 ,ØØ
c, ŁÆÑŒ SCO. H’
ÆÊl H’
*TT9Rł, ÆŒÆØ Mg+2H’=MØ’+H•
b. @fiNÆÆŒÆÆ
c 48ÑÆ%ÆflDKWÆKI
#ÆMMÆ, ÆŒaaAccÜ
2NaBr+ Cl, = 2NaCl + Br
2Kt +CI
= 2KC1+ I
2KI +Br, = 2KBr + I
æ¥ØMØM(üÆÆ, 4H,ÆAÆIÜÆÆÆŒMÆ.
łBHX(8)ž/IÆŒ
12／43
NO TWO öa RxT•ktt.
4NOc + O• —I- 21-1 O = 4HNO.
NO* NO. Oi[m
NO
2NO + 0. = 2NO.
NO,
3NO, —ł- H ,O 2HNO, —I— NO
aæ kieß& Seas s•J *:+"H,
x«a«e °*“ “’* . » .*
—6A]Â1 NH,+H ,O NH
HCO H; + OH
=ĘJ,¡ii N HIC l*NaOH=NaC UN H, ț+H,O
øc 3Cu
8HNO, (R)
= 3Cu (NO.).
ĄĄĄ"Ą 4HNO—4’NOT+O{*2H,O
13／43
( H,SO4
& H S+2H,SO. isO,ł + 2H,O —UKBRł1@QĞ
SO,+NGO NaSΠSOA + CaO CaSO,
SQ + Ca(OH), CaCOit(Q Ğ) + H•O
BÆÆ
S+H H (ÆÆÆĄ) 5+2Ag
ABS(ÆÆBÆ)
J S
-ł-2NaHCO, NøSO,-I- HCO -I-2CO ț
SO:-I-Xi-h 2HiO 2HX -I- HiSO‹ XĞ&CI. Br, I SO M
MO,+3KMnOMZHO
K SOi+2MnSO, + 2H,SO*
SJ
-I-2FeC l + 2HiO FeCl + FeSO +4HCl
»an ,«»,+
.æSO,
H SOA Na,SOa+HCO+SOiJ
J"] gl @ 44 4 PeSa
HO, 2F O, + 8SO,t
SO,+H,O H,SO,
SO,+2N•OH NaSO,+H,O
są+a4 ) xso¿+mo
+ŒO==CæSO,
( pH<5.6 )
S+2H,SO (@) 2H,O +3SO,ț
C+ 2HJO,(ß) CO t + 2SO,ț4 2H,O ł"Efg
‹ so, i
14／43
‹e$a# asse 32AaaSw0m ya;; nama
””””°
m*=‹›m’ã
b"^ she-aœ›iå0äsì‹æM«^0t
flÄĂflflWfl HsO
CH CH.OH CH.C HO CH ,COOH NH,HCO› NH ] + CO•ț * H 0]
15／43
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27／43
‹àü»&, &.älxTi66 e: x.kz&xsaNB
CH›COOH
NaOH —CH›COONa + HCO
UN OHi ¡fikß J@
28／43
JJ Q,(¡i¿
CH*(g) -ł• 2Oi(g) CQ(g) -I• 2HiO(1)
Å# -bH(ÆÆ)
*.
H
2CH,CH,OH + 2Na —+3CH›€:H,ONa-ł- Hzț
C›H,OH+ HO-140 CiH,ONO,+ HCO
CHiCOOH + CTł,OH CH›COOC,i-b
HCO q CH CH,
CH CH OH + HOCH CH, CH,—CH J + HQ
CH,CHtOCHiCH + HCO
2CHiCHiOH + Oi 2CHaCHO + 2HiO
Ę$Î} -OH , §g]]Ë-H H
29／43
30／43
t’aC•
2H,O Ca(OH): HC CHJ NJK
•C4?ÜŒ, C -C19?ÆŒ, C19‹;* RŒ
CaC
+ 2H O Ca(OH ) +HC CH]
31／43
32／43
33／43
34／43
35／43
emex
zg
as
CH,CHO
BLM —CHO
2CHtCHO+ 5O, 4CO,+ 4H,O
H, CHiCH:OH -U&ifiJCu(OH) CU"* + OH* = Cu(OH5J CH,CHO -1- 2Cu(OH)
AgNO› +NH›-HCO- AgOHJ +NH NO› AgOH
+
2NHi -H C O
=
Ag(NH S
)
,OH
+
21-
O CH,CHO + 2Ag (NH, ),OH
AgNOi + NH, H•O AgOH J +Ni-t‹NO
AgOH + 2NH,•H,O Ag(NH›) OH + 2H,O
1 moi —CHOafxa2 mol Ag R U I
@ HCHO+ Ch—• COt+ HCO O 2HCHO+ O —•2H—C—OH
O
HCHO
O,—• HO••••C•••-OH
—•
CO,
+
HCO
H—C—H + Hz CHiOH
RCHO+2Cu(OH) + NaOH —• RCOONa-I- Cu•O] SH:O
.
0
-C-H
1 mol—CHOwa&1 moi Cu,O
30%W0%@ @BAB&
36／43
eoa
( @@ ) —COOH
RCOOH — RCOO‘ + H*
RCOOR"
vuesa
0
CH
COOJH + NaOH CH,COONa+ /H OH
CH›COOCiH,+ HCO CH›COOH + CtH›OH
37／43
3) A—CN ( İİ "E ) @7j¢ßlÎ
t8Tİ"WVRÌ MW 44ÏËł Ø : C Hi CH›CHO CO,. N_O łfł FMT 46 X•j KŸ)fiĞR60I i Å : C,H,OH . CH COOH , HCOOCH
o*c* ]0
ClBr /Fe
—C NH—
38／43
asanx
°» "» >» k&
e** 39／43
Cfl OH(fiHOH)‹CHO+ 2Cu(OH) —• CHiOH(CHOH\COOH + Cu O] + 2HiO CH,OH(CHOH)‹CHO+ H,*—• CH,OH(CHOH),CH,OH JJ ¡;i¿¡¡¡(¡ CH OH(CHOH)*CHO + 2Ag(NH, OH
QJ CH,OH(CHOH) COONI- 2Ag] + 3NHi + HCO
va 0
I‹af
:
C i,
H,› O,
,
+H*O
—•2C,H„O
I
&WR
I
»a
se *IC:(CH.O)*•H,O ,CHLO.
40／43
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